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What Is Green Mobility? Green Mobility develops corporate programmes to reduce commute trips in cities by private motor vehicles. This does not just reduce traffic congestion but also improves public transportation systems and quality of life. Green mobility can be used to reduce air pollution, reduce climate impact, and encourage an active lifestyle. Green mobility can include: Policy Interventions Green mobility is achievable through various policies. The first category includes spatial policies that seek to reduce the amount of traffic in urban areas while encouraging the utilization of sustainable modes of transportation. These are often small-scale interventions (e.g., restrictions on parking spaces, speed limits or the use of cycle lanes) and are characterized by a high range of flexibility as they can be adapted to local conditions. Another set of policies seeks to alter the structure of travel through the promotion of alternative vehicle technologies and fuels (e.g. electric vehicles, for instance) or by encouraging the sharing of routes and vehicles. These policies can also include steps to increase accessibility of public transport services by way of financial incentives or increased options. In addition, the promotion of green mobility may involve a shift in business models and economic development, as well as an adjustment of the planning of transport and land use. This requires political commitment, and a high degree of coordination between sectors. Furthermore, it should be noted that a broad and equitable shift to green mobility requires the elimination of existing inequalities. For example in cities that have strong emphasis on high-value jobs such as business services and information and communication technology, the expansion of green mobility can lead to increased access for neighborhoods of middle and upper class while reducing the availability of jobs and opportunities in low income neighborhoods. A third set of policy instruments is designed to reduce negative externalities of transportation and promotes a more sustainable energy supply, which includes renewable energy sources and carbon pricing. These policies can be implemented at the local as well as national and EU levels. These policies can be implemented at local, national and EU levels. They can also help in the development of electric cars and the associated charging infrastructure, and encourage the switch to more sustainable modes of mobility. Locally, this might mean the implementation of initiatives that promote sustainability and establishing a new habit through education, awareness campaigns and other initiatives. At the national and EU levels, it may involve leveraging global economic stimuli to encourage consumer purchases of EVs and extending high-speed rail networks and also assisting research and innovation in hydrogen and batteries. EV Adoption The rate of transition between traditional internal combustion (IC) and EV power is based on a variety of factors. One of them is that the country's economic situation as well as national policy impact how EV adoption can grow. In the past, countries with high incomes such as Norway and China, have led the charge by their ardent support for both EV production and consumer incentive programs. These financial incentives enabled a dynamic EV market to develop, which in turn helped lower costs. These countries also have strong policies on energy that encourage sustainable energy usage. mobility power mymobilityscooters.uk of a vast public charging network to alleviate the range anxiety of new EV users. This approach has had a positive effect on overall EV adoption, which is evident in the data on vehicle-in-use and shows that the proportion of the fleet that is EV is increasing faster than the registration pipeline or the retirement pipeline for vehicles. However, despite these encouraging trends, EV adoption remains below estimates. The good news is that the rate of growth is predicted to accelerate due to technological advancements in the near future that will reduce battery costs more. Many Considerers and Skeptics are likely to electric vehicles sooner. The rapid increase in EV ownership is fueled by the fact that more people are utilizing EVs as vehicles for work. As a result they have the potential to assist in shifting fleets of companies towards a more eco-friendly solution. In turn, this can aid in reducing a company's carbon footprint and contribute to the overall goal of creating a net zero world of mobility. Ultimately, the pace at which EVs replace conventional vehicles will be impacted by whether policymakers in government choose to prioritize long-term investments or short-term incentives. No matter which direction a nation decides to take it is crucial to keep in mind that EVs require more of a part of the fleet in order to be successful and to be the most environmentally sustainable alternative. This is only achievable with the support of all stakeholders including governments, consumers and the entire ecosystem of industry. EV Charging Infrastructure To reap the benefits of an electrified transportation sector, owners of electric vehicles require a reliable charging network. This includes public EV chargers that can be found at multi-unit homes, workplaces and parking garages, as well as other public facilities. This includes home charging stations which EV drivers can install themselves, and portable chargers that can help reduce range anxiety. This charging infrastructure facilitates electrification of the transportation system and contributes to the nation's goal of a clean energy system. The infrastructure is being built in suburban, rural and urban areas. The Biden Administration is partnering with local and state governments to promote EV adoption by making it easier for them to invest in charging infrastructure. EV charging can be an easy healthy, safe and secure alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars and trucks. It can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reduce pollution of the air and contribute to climate change mitigation. It can also support economic growth and generate high-wage jobs. Despite the many benefits that an EV offers however, there are some obstacles to its widespread use. This includes the price of the EV and the absence of charging infrastructure for public use. Offering equal access to EV chargers can help overcome these hurdles and ensure that everyone of the community are able to benefit from green mobility's environmental and health benefits. This can be accomplished by creating a public network of EV charging stations within the community. In addition, it can be promoted through programs that offer incentives to private companies and businesses to install EV chargers at their premises. This can include tax credits, rebates and other financial benefits. A simplified permitting process can simplify the process for homeowners and businesses alike to set up EV chargers on their property. Additionally, developing an established set of best practices for the design and implementation of EV charging stations can ensure that they are effective, efficient and easy to use. Furthermore, using existing technologies to increase EV charger efficiency could be an crucial for communities to promote an environmentally sustainable EV charging infrastructure. This can be accomplished by connecting EV charger infrastructure with smart city technologies that analyze and collect data to make better energy use decisions. EV Integration Integration of EVs into the grid requires consideration for multiple stakeholders and systems within urban mobility services. The integration of EVs requires the development of new technologies to manage energy flows from EVs into and out of the grid. Additionally, EVs provide opportunities for integrating renewable energy (RE) in the electricity supply system through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) capabilities. This permits EV owners to take advantage of energy prices arbitrage and to sign lower-cost contracts with energy providers. Additionally, EVs can offer backup electricity services in the event of power outages and reduce the need for the grid to rely on traditional sources of energy. To encourage the adoption of EVs by customers, utilities can offer incentives for them to install EV chargers on their premises. These incentives may be in the form cashbacks, vouchers or rebates. Utility companies can also introduce time-of-use rates to encourage owners of electric vehicles to shift their load from peak demand hours. These measures can help reduce the load on the grid and reduce CO2 emissions. In order to integrate EVs with the electricity grid, it is crucial to create charging infrastructure that allows communication between EVs and the power system. This includes the installation of smart charging stations as well as EV-to-grid interfaces (G2V) which allow information transfer between the EV and the charging station. These technologies can increase EV charging speed as well as monitor EV state of charge (SOC), and provide real-time feedback to drivers. A safe and secure EV charger network is also crucial to maintain the trust of the user in this technology. These networks are complicated, and must be designed in a manner that protects against cybersecurity threats like hacking malware, phishing and hacking. These threats could affect the safety and performance both of EVs and the grid. To be able to achieve a fully functional EV integration, all components and actors involved in this process should be analyzed. Previous studies on EV integration have only explored technical solutions without considering the business perspective. This study uses secondary data to explore and create a business model to integrate EVs in order to achieve sustainable energy as the service in smart cities.